Most Seniors Need Better Pensions

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Even seniors who have done careful planning may be finding that their retirement plans are under severe pressure. Seniors are living longer yet savings may have been eroded by the severe depression. It was not surprising therefore to see that governments are reacting to these seniors’ concerns.

In December there was talk that Ontario was ready to consider a mega-pension plan.

Ontario is prepared to discuss every option to increase retirement income and broaden pension coverage, says Finance Minister Dwight Duncan – including an expansion of the Canada Pension Plan. He was meeting with fellow finance ministers to review research by Alberta economist Jack Mintz that was commissioned by Ottawa, as well as research done for Ontario by Bob Baldwin, a former researcher for the Canadian Labour Congress. Discussion of their reports will set the stage for further study and public consultations leading up to Council of the Federation meetings with premiers in the summer of 2010.

Fellow finance ministers from British Columbia and Alberta have been openly pressing for a national pension arrangement either linked to, or running parallel to, the Canada Pension Plan (CPP). However proposals for some form of mega-pension plan have raised the hackles of bankers and insurers.

Now Terence Corcoran is suggesting that the Canadian Association of Retired People (CARP) is over-reacting.

The implication is that the vast majority of Canadians are heading into retirement nightmares and need to be bailed out by another government income redistribution system — an implication that is not borne out by a half dozen studies recently commissioned by Ottawa. In a recent report on the studies assembled by Jack Mintz of the School of Public Policy at the University of Calgary on behalf of Finance Canada, the Canadian pension system looked far from being a nightmare. The studies found Canada’s pension system to rank well above the OECD average in terms of providing income security and replacement for the vast majority of Canadians. There are certainly gaps, although exactly where those gaps are remains an unresolved issue.

Susan Eng, Vice-President, Advocacy, at CARP disagreed with the tenor of Terence Corcoran’s article:

Mr. Corcoran argues that there is no need to fix Canada’s pension system. Leaving aside his opinion about the messengers who call for change – including one of Canada’s premier business schools with whom CARP is proud to keep company – the essence of his argument is that the experts engaged by the federal government think that Canada’s pension system does well enough for most.

But what would he propose for the rest? Even his Mintz report identified a significant number of people who are not saving enough. Anyone retiring without savings or a workplace pension is expected to live on $16,000 to $19,000 consisting of OAS and CPP/QPP topped up by GIS. That is fact, not rhetoric.

For those seniors, that is a very bleak and possibly a very long retirement future.

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The Pension Crisis

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Jack Layton, the leader of the NDP in Canada says that the Country faces a ‘national pension crisis’.

As you can find with a search on Google Insights, this same concern is expressed elsewhere around the world as shown by the following chart for searches on ‘pension crisis’:

pension crisis

Concern about pensions in the UK is several times that here in Canada and in the US pension concerns almost match those in Canada.

In a nutshell, the problem stems from people living longer while the global recession has severely damaged what people and pension funds had put aside for their retirement.

As Jack Layton said:

Fewer than 40% of Canadians have workplace pensions and those who rely on their registered retirement saving plans have seen “billions of those savings vaporize”. He urged the government to inject $700 million into the guaranteed income supplement to help 226,000 seniors living below the poverty line.

It seems quite clear that what was a Simmering pension crisis is now coming to a boil.

Monica Townson has written a succinct analysis of what is wrong and what can be done.  Her nine-page paper, commissioned by the Tommy Douglas Research Institute, contain two clear messages.

  • The first is that there is no “magic bullet that will fix everything.” It will take a mix of reforms – some fast-acting, some long-term – to shore up the pension system.
  • The second is that Canada has to get moving now.

Townson’s paper is available on the Canada Centre For Policy Alternatives website.

She highlights the weakness in each layer of Canada’s three-tiered retirement income system:

  • Old Age Security was designed to keep seniors above the poverty line. One out of every seven unattached older women lives in poverty. It would take an increase in the across-the-board senior allowance or the low-income supplement to rectify this problem.
  • The Canada Pension Plan was meant to top up the coverage provided by employers. But 62 per cent of workers have no employee pension. It would take a major expansion of the CPP – financed by another hike in premiums – to provide an adequate pension for all members of the workforce.
  • Registered retirement savings plans were created to encourage Canadians to set aside money for their non-working years. Contributions are tax sheltered. But the vast majority of Canadians (69 per cent) don’t contribute.

Seniors have not been putting away savings anywhere else so the result is that millions of Canadians are heading toward retirement with too little to live on for the rest of their lives.

A solution will require that all levels of government work together and the Federal Government must provide the leadership in this if timely solutions to this pension crisis are to be developed.

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